| 1. Linguistic Exegesis The opening verb vayedabber {וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר | wayyədabber} ‘and he spoke’ uses the vav-consecutive in the Piel stem to introduce immediate narrative action and divine speech. The subject is the divine name Yahweh {יְהוָ֖ה | Yə-hō-wāh}, emphasizing covenant authority. The prepositional phrase el Mosheh {אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה | ʾel Mōšēh} marks the recipient of the message. The infinitive construct leʾemor {לֵּאמֹֽר | leʾemor} functions as a discourse marker that signals the forthcoming content of the commandments, preserving the standard Torah speech formula. |