| 15. Linguistic Exegesis The verse opens with the universal quantifier ve-khol {וְכֹל | və-ḵôl} ‘and every’, modifying the noun keli {כְּלִי | kə-lî} ‘vessel’ and specifying the class of objects. The passive participle patuach {פָת֔וּחַ | pā-ṯû-aḥ} ‘open’ further qualifies this category. A relative clause, introduced by asher {אֲשֶׁר | ă-šer} ‘which’, follows with a negative existential ein {אֵין | ʾên} ‘there is not’, succeeded by two nouns: tsamid {צָמִיד | ṣā-mîḏ} ‘covering’ and patil {פָּתִיל | pā-ṯîl} ‘cord’, in asyndeton, implying alternative criteria for impurity. This is finalized by the prepositional phrase alav {עָלָיו | ʿă-lāy} ‘upon it’, which applies to both nouns. The clause concludes with the nominal statement tame hu {טָמֵא | ṭā-meʼ} ‘it is unclean’. The formal translation closely mirrors this structure, while the dynamic translation renders key terms in accessible vocabulary. |