| 4. Linguistic Exegesis The verse begins with the universal quantifier kol {כֹ֤ל | kôl} ‘all, everything’ as subject. The Qal perfect verb pa'al {פָּעַל | pā‘al} ‘has made’ forms the predicate in Verb–Subject order, immediately followed by the divine name Yahweh {יְ֭הוָה | Yəhōwāh}, highlighting divine agency. The purpose clause lema'anehu {לַֽמַּעֲנֵ֑הוּ | ləma‛ănêhû} ‘for His purpose’ employs a prefixed lamed plus construct noun and pronominal suffix to specify intentionality. The intensive conjunction vegam {וְגַם־ | wəgam} ‘and also’ introduces the inclusion of the wicked rasha {רָשָׁע | rāshā‘}, emphasizing that even moral evildoers serve divine ends. The final prepositional phrase leyom ra'ah {לְיוֹם רָעָה | lə-yôm rā‘āh} ‘for a day of trouble’ sets a temporal and eschatological focus. The English reconstructions adopt Subject–Verb–Object order and expand purpose clauses for clarity while preserving Hebrew emphasis on divine sovereignty. |