| 5. Linguistic Exegesis The verse opens with toavah {תּוֹעֲבַה | tô‛ă-vah} ‘abomination’ as a predicate nominal, with Yahweh {יְהוָה | Yəhōwāh} implied as the subject of divine assessment. The construct clause kol-gevah-lev {כָּל-גְּבַהּ-לֵב | kol-ḡeḇah-lēv} ‘every proud heart’ serves as the scope of condemnation. The adversative clause introduced by the comparative idiom yad lə-yad {יָד לְיָד | yad lə-yad} ‘hands join together’ highlights futile human solidarity. The negative particle lo {לֹא | lōʾ} with the Niphal imperfect yinnāqeʾ {יִנָּקֶה | yinnāqeʾ} ‘will be held innocent’ signals inevitable judicial outcome. |