| 10. Linguistic Exegesis The verse opens with kai autos {καὶ αὐτός | kaí autós} ‘and he also’, signaling continuity with the preceding warning and highlighting the individual who allies with the beast. The verb pietai {πίεται | pí-e-tai} is future middle deponent indicative, indicating that he will himself partake in this judgment. The genitive chain ek tou oinou tou thymou tou theou {ἐκ τοῦ οἴνου τοῦ θυμοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ | ek toû oî-nou toû thymoû toû theoû} ‘from the wine of the wrath of God’ uses successive genitives to specify the substance (oinos {οἶνος | oî-nos} ‘wine’) and its divine source (thymos {θυμός | thy-mós} ‘wrath’, theou {θεοῦ | the-oû} ‘of God’). The participial phrase tou kekerasmenou akratou {τοῦ κεκερασμένου ἀκράτου | toû ke-ke-ras-mé-nou a-krá-tou} ‘which has been mixed undiluted’ qualifies the wine, with the perfect passive participle kekerasmenou indicating a completed mixing and akratos {ἀκράτος | a-krá-tos} ‘undiluted’ intensifying the image of unmitigated judgment. The locative phrase en tō potēriō tēs orgēs autou {ἐν τῷ ποτηρίῳ τῆς ὀργῆς αὐτοῦ | en tôi po-tē-rí-ōi tēs or-gês au-toû} ‘in the cup of His anger’ evokes prophetic symbolism where divine anger (orgē {ὀργή | o-r-gḗ}) becomes a cup to be drunk. The coordination with kai links pietai to the second future passive verb basanisthēsetai {βασανισθήσεται | ba-sa-nis-thḗ-se-tai} ‘will be tormented’, moving from the act of drinking judgment to its resultant suffering. The medium of torment, specified by en puri kai theiō {ἐν πυρὶ καὶ θείῳ | en py-rí kaì theí-ōi} ‘in fire and sulfur’, reinforces apocalyptic imagery of extreme punishment. Finally, the repeated preposition enōpion governs angelōn hagiōn kai enōpion tou arniou {ἐνώπιον ἀγγέλων ἁγίων καὶ ἐνώπιον τοῦ ἀρνίου | enṓ-pi-on an-gé-lōn ha-gí-ōn kaì enṓ-pi-on toû ar-ní-ou}, highlighting that this judgment occurs publicly before the holy angels and the Lamb as eschatological judge. |