| 12. Linguistic Exegesis The verse begins with kai {Καὶ | Kaí} linking this action to the preceding bowl judgments. The subject ho hektos {ὁ ἕκτος | ho hék-tos} “the sixth angel” relies on the angelic sequence for clarity. The verb execheen {ἐξέχεεν | exé-khe-en} is aorist active indicative, marking a single decisive act of pouring the bowl (ten phialen autou {τὴν φιάλην αὐτοῦ | tēn phi-á-lēn au-toû}). The prepositional phrase epi ton potamon ton megan ton Euphraten {ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμὸν τὸν μέγαν τὸν Εὐφράτην | e-pí tón po-ta-món tón mé-gan tón eu-phrát-ēn} uses epi with the accusative to indicate motion “upon,” and the successive articles with megan and the proper name build emphasis: “the river, the great, the Euphrates.” The second clause introduced by kai {καὶ | kaí} contains exeranthi {ἐξηράνθη | ex-ē-rán-thē}, aorist passive indicative, focusing on the effected state of the river as its water (to hydor autou {τὸ ὕδωρ αὐτοῦ | tò hý-dōr au-toû}) “was dried up.” The hina clause {ἵνα | hí-na} with hetoimasthe {ἑτοιμασθῇ | he-toi-mas-thē} in the aorist passive subjunctive expresses purpose: “so that the way might be prepared.” The noun phrase hē hodos tōn basileōn tōn apo anatolēs hēliou {ἡ ὁδὸς τῶν βασιλέων τῶν ἀπὸ ἀνατολῆς ἡλίου | hē ho-dós tôn bas-ilé-ōn tôn apó a-na-to-lḗs hē-lí-ou} uses genitives to designate both the path’s destination “of the kings” and origin “from the rising of the sun,” where apo plus genitive idiomatically denotes “the east.” |