| 9. Linguistic Exegesis The verse opens with coordinated future verbs, klausousin {κλαύσουσιν | klaú-sou-sin} and kopsontai {κόψονται | kóp-son-tai}, linked by kai {Καὶ | Kaí} “and,” foregrounding the emotional response. The prepositional phrase ep’ auten {ἐπʼ αὐτὴν | ep’ autḗn} “over her” follows these verbs, indicating the object of lament. The subject is then specified as hoi basileis tes ges {οἱ βασιλεῖς τῆς γῆς | hoi basi-leîs tês gês} “the kings of the earth,” with the genitive tes ges forming a descriptive genitive of sphere. This subject is further defined by an appositional article hoi {οἱ | hoi} followed by two aorist participles, porneusantes {πορνεύσαντες | por-neú-san-tes} and streniasantes {στρηνιάσαντες | strē-ni-á-san-tes}, both modified by the prepositional phrase met’ autes {μετʼ αὐτῆς | met’ autês} “with her.” These participles depict completed actions in the past relative to the future weeping, summarizing their past moral and economic complicity. The temporal clause hotan bleposin {ὅταν βλέπωσιν | hótan blé-po-sin} “when they see” uses hotan with the present subjunctive to express a future contingency, introducing the visual cause of their grief. The object of their sight is expressed by ton kapnon tes pyroseos autes {τὸν καπνὸν τῆς πυρώσεως αὐτῆς | tón kap-nón tês py-ró-se-os autês}, where the genitive tes pyroseos specifies the kind of smoke (“the smoke of her burning”), and autes marks possession. In translation, the participial chain is rendered with relative and descriptive clauses (“those who committed… and lived…”) to preserve the tight connection between identity and behavior, while the temporal clause is kept as “when they see” to mirror the Greek causal sequence. |