| 13. Linguistic Exegesis The verse consists of four parallel clauses each headed by the preposition apo {ἀπὸ | apó} ‘from’ plus a genitive directional noun—anatolēs {ἀνατολῆς | a-na-to-lēs} ‘of the east,’ borrâ {βορρᾶ | bor-râ} ‘of the north,’ nótou {νότου | nó-tou} ‘of the south,’ and dysmôn {δυσμῶν | dus-mōn} ‘of the west.’ In each clause the nominative subject pylōnes {πυλῶνες | py-lō-nes} ‘gates’ precedes the numeral treîs {τρεῖς | treîs} ‘three,’ generating a uniformly structured series. The coordinating conjunction kai {καὶ | kaí} links these clauses into a rhythmic enumeration that underscores the city’s comprehensive access. English renders preserve this parallelism, recreating the directional and numerical pattern while adapting word order for natural flow. |