| 19. Linguistic Exegesis themelioi {θεμέλιοι | the-mé-li-oi} ‘foundations’ functions as the nominative subject, followed by the genitive chain tou teichous tēs poleōs {τοῦ τείχους τῆς πόλεως | toû teí-khous tês pó-le-ōs} specifying the city’s wall. The perfect passive participle kekosmenoi {κεκοσμημένοι | ke-kos-mē-mé-noi} agrees with foundations and conveys a completed action with ongoing effect, while the dative phrase panti litho timio {παντί λίθῳ τιμίῳ | pan-tí lí-thō ti-mí-ō} serves an instrumental role denoting material. An appositional list—ho themelios ho protos iaspis, ho deuteros sapphiros, ho tritos chalkedon, ho tetartos smaragdos {ὁ θεμέλις ὁ πρῶτος ἴασπις, ὁ δεύτερος σάπφιρος, ὁ τρίτος χαλκηδών, ὁ τέταρτος σμάραγδος | ho the-mé-li-os ho prô-tos í-as-pis, ho deú-te-ros sá-pphi-ros, ho trí-tos chalkē-dōn, ho té-tar-tos smá-ra-gdos}—pairs each ordinal with its gemstone, with a supplied verb ‘was’ clarifying the relationship in English. |