| 21. Linguistic Exegesis hina {ἵνα | hí-na} introduces a purpose clause expressing the intended outcome of Paul’s argument. The comparative pair hosper … houtos {ὥσπερ … οὕτως | hṓs-per … hoú-tōs} frames a parallel between two sovereign rulers: sin (he hamartia) whose aorist indicative ebasileusen {ἐβασίλευσεν | e-ba-sí-leu-sen} locates its decisive rule within the realm of death (en tō thanatō), and grace (he charis) whose subjunctive basileuse {βασιλεύσῃ | ba-si-leú-sē} indicates the divine purpose for rulership. The instrumental phrase dia dikaiosynes {διὰ δικαιοσύνης | di-á di-kai-o-sý-nēs} shows righteousness as the means by which grace exercises its reign, and eis zoen aiōnion {εἰς ζωὴν αἰώνιον | eis zō-ḗn ai-ṓ-ni-on} marks the goal “into eternal life.” The mediating agency is conveyed by dia Iesou Christou {διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ | di-á Iē-soû Khris-toû}, and the genitive apposition tou kyriou hemon {τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν | toû ku-rí-ou hē-môn} identifies Jesus Christ as “our Lord,” providing a climactic Christological focus. |