| 15. Linguistic Exegesis The verse opens with a pair of parallel prepositional phrases, kəḵōl {כְּכֹל | kĕ-ḵōl} ‘as all’ and ū-kəḵōl {וּכְכֹל | ū-kĕ-ḵōl} ‘and as all’, each governing a noun (devarim {דְּבָרִים | dĕ-bā-rîm} ‘words’; ḥāzōn {חָזוֹן | ḥā-zōn} ‘vision’) to express total inclusiveness. This is followed by the result marker kên {כֵּן | kên} ‘thus’, introducing the Piel perfect verb ḏib-bēr {דִּבֵּר | ḏib-bēr} ‘he spoke’, which conveys Nathan’s authoritative proclamation. The asyndetic linkage between the initial phrases preserves rhetorical emphasis, and the prepositional phrase ʾel-Dāwîḏ {אֶל־דָּוִד | ’el dā-wîḏ} ‘to David’ identifies the recipient, completing the syntactic chain. Formal reconstruction mirrors the “as all … and as all … so” pattern to retain parallelism, while dynamic rendering opts for a smoother narrative flow. |