| 4. Linguistic Exegesis The verse opens with the vav consecutive Hitpael imperfect verb vayitpashet {וַיִּתְפַּשֵּׁט | va-yit-pa-šet} ‘and he stripped off.’ The particle et {אֶת־ | ’et} marks the definite noun hamme’il {הַמְּעִיל | ham-me-’il} ‘robe.’ The relative pronoun asher {אֲשֶׁר | ’ă-šer} introduces a modifying clause with the prepositional phrase alav {עָלָיו | ’a-lav} ‘upon him.’ The narrative then proceeds with the vav consecutive Qal imperfect verb vayitnehu {וַיִּתְּנֵהוּ | va-yit-te-ne-hu} ‘and he gave it,’ whose suffix -hu refers back to the robe. The beneficiary is introduced by the preposition le-David {לְדָוִד | le-dā-wid} ‘to David.’ A coordination begins with umaddav {וּמַדָּיו | u-mad-dāy} ‘and his garments,’ followed by a series of items each introduced by ve-ad {וְעַד־ | ve-’ad} ‘and even’: charvo {חַרְבּוֹ | khar-bô} ‘his sword,’ kashto {קַשְׁתּוֹ | qaš-tô} ‘his bow,’ and chagoro {חֲגֹרוֹ | kha-gô-rô} ‘his belt.’ The repeated ve-ad construction creates an accumulative effect that underscores the completeness of Jonathan’s offering. |