| 7. Linguistic Exegesis The verse begins with the interrogative halo {הֲלֹא | hə-lōʾ} ‘is it not’, establishing a rhetorical connection to past acts. Immediately following, the pronoun attah {אַתָּה | ʾattāh} ‘you’ and the divine title Eloheinu {אֱלֹהֵינוּ | ʾĕ-lō-ḗ-nû} ‘our God’ form a direct address. The Hifil verb horashta {הוֹרַשְׁתָּ | hô-rāš-tā} ‘you drove out’ precedes the direct object marker et {אֶת־ | ʾet} and the participle phrase yoshvei haaretz hazot {יֹשְׁבֵי הָאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּאת | yō-šə-ḇē hā-ʾā-reṣ haz-zōʾt} ‘inhabitants of this land’. The prepositional phrase milifnei ammekha Yisrael {מִלִּפְנֵי עַמְּךָ יִשְׂרָאֵל | mil-lif-nê ʿammə-ḵā yiś-rä-ʾēl} ‘from before your people Israel’ indicates beneficiary. A vav-consecutive imperfect vatittenah {וַתִּתְּנָהּ | wat-tit-tən-nah} ‘and you gave it’ introduces the grant via the infinitive construct lezera Avraham {לְזֶרַע אַבְרָהָם | le-zē-rāʿ ʾav-rä-hām} ‘to the seed of Abraham’. The participle ohavekha {אֹהַבְךָ | ʾō-ḥäv-ḵā} ‘your friend’ and the temporal modifier leolam {לְעוֹלָם | lə-ʿō-lām} ‘forever’ complete the clause, highlighting enduring covenant relationship. |