| 12. Linguistic Exegesis The oracle opens with the causal particle lachen {לָכֵן | la-chen} ‘therefore,’ indicating inference from the previous context. The particle koh {כֹּה | kō} ‘thus’ introduces the prophetic formula with the verb amar {אָמַר | ʾā-mar} ‘says’ (Qal perfect third person masculine singular). The compound divine name Yahweh Elohei Yisrael {יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל | yə-hō-wāh ʾĕ-lō-hê yi-ṣra-ʾêl} establishes covenant authority. The attention formula hineni {הִנְנִי | hin-nenî} ‘behold, I’ emphasizes imminent action. The Hiphil participle mevi {מֵבִיא | mē-vî} ‘bringing’ conveys causation, and the noun ra'ah {רָעָה | rā-ʿāh} ‘disaster’ specifies the divine judgment. The preposition al {עַל | ʿal} ‘upon’ marks Jerusalem and Judah, linked by the conjunction vav {ו | wə} prefixed to Yehudah {יְהוּדָה | yə-hū-ḏāh}. The relative pronoun asher {אֲשֶׁר | ʾǎ-šer} ‘which’ introduces the result clause where the construct chain kol-shomeah {כָּל-שֹׁמְעָהּ | kol-šō-mə-ʿāh} ‘all who hear of it’ serves as the subject of the Niphal imperfect titstsalenah {תִּצַּלְנָה | tit-tsalə-nāh} ‘will tingle.’ Finally, shtei oznav {שְׁתֵּי אָזְנָיו | ŝə-tê ʾō-za-nāv} ‘both his ears’ employs the dual form for emphasis. English shifts from verb-initial order to subject-verb-object for readability while preserving prophetic intensity. |