| 28. Linguistic Exegesis Hebrew employs a narrative vav-consecutive with vayashuvu {וַיָּשֻׁבוּ | wayyaššûw} ‘and returned’, immediately introducing the subject hamayim {הַמַּיִם | ham-mā-yim} ‘the waters’. The sequence continues with vayekassu {וַיְכַסּוּ | wayyəḵassû} ‘and covered’. The direct object markers et {אֶת | ʾet} and we’et {וְאֶת | wəʾet} mark harekhev {הָרֶכֶב | hā-reḵeb} ‘the chariots’ and happarashim {הַפָּרָשִׁים | happārāšîm} ‘the horsemen’ as recipients of the action. The phrase lə-khol ḥeil Pāraʿô {לְכֹל חֵיל פַּרְעֹה | lə-ḵōl ḥēyl Pāraʿô} ‘to all the army of Pharaoh’ groups the participants. The participle habba’im {הַבָּאִים | habbāʾîm} ‘those coming’, together with the prepositional phrases aḥarehem {אַחֲרֵיהֶם | ’ăḥărêhēm} and bayyām {בַּיָּם | bayyām} ‘after them in the sea’, specifies the context of pursuit. Finally, the negative clause lo’ nishʾār bāhem ’ad ’eḥād {לֹא נִשְׁאַ֥ר בָּהֶ֖ם עַד־אֶחָֽד | lō nišʾār bāhem ’ad ’eḥād} ‘not remained among them until one’ employs the Niphal perfect for passive result, underscoring total destruction. |