John 19:13 — ExegesisTAB

The verse begins with the inferential sequence ho oun {Ὁ οὖν | Ho oûn} linking Pilate’s action to the preceding dialogue. The aorist participle akousas {ἀκούσας | akoúsas} functions as a circumstantial participle, indicating prior cause (“after hearing these words”) and modifying the subject Pilatos {Πιλᾶτος | Pilâtos}. Two aorist indicative verbs, ēgagen {ἤγαγεν | ḗgagen} and ekathisen {ἐκάθισεν | ekáthisen}, carry the narrative, coordinated by kai {καὶ | kaí}, presenting successive judicial actions: first he “brought” Jesus outside, then he “sat down” to render judgment. The adverb exō {ἔξω | éxō} specifies movement from inside to outside, emphasizing the public nature of the scene. The prepositional phrase epi bēmatos {ἐπὶ βήματος | epí bḗmatos} identifies Pilate’s official position on the judgment seat, highlighting legal authority. The destination phrase eis topon legomenon Lithostroton {εἰς τόπον λεγόμενον Λιθόστρωτον | eis tópon legómenon Lithóstrotōn} contains the participle legomenon attributively modifying topon, “a place that is called Lithostroton,” with the proper or descriptive name in the accusative following. The adverb Hebraisti {Ἑβραϊστὶ | Hebraïstí} introduces a linguistic specification, and the particle de {δὲ | dè} adds a mild contrast or clarification: “in Hebrew, Gabbatha.” The verbless clause Hebraisti de Gabbatha {Ἑβραϊστὶ δὲ Γαββαθα | Hebraïstí dè Gabbathá} is understood to have an implied “it is,” a common idiom for naming. In translation, the participial structure akousas is rendered as a temporal clause (“after/when he heard”) for clarity, and the attributive participle legomenon is expressed with a relative clause (“called”), while both Greek place names are retained and briefly described to preserve historical specificity.