| 10. Linguistic Exegesis The verse opens with veloavah {וְלֹֽא־אָבָ֤ה | wə-lōʾ ʾāḇāh} ‘and was not willing’, combining vav conjunction, negative particle loʾ, and qal perfect. The narrative then moves through the vav-consecutive verbs vayakam {וַיָּ֣קָם | vayyāqām} ‘and he rose’, vayelekh {וַיֵּ֗לֶךְ | vayyēleḵ} ‘and he went’, and vayavo {וַיָּבֹא֙ | vayyāḇōʾ} ‘and he came’, each signaling successive action. The prepositional phrase ad-nokhach {עַד־נֹ֣כַח | ʿad-nōḥāḥ} ‘up to the front’ marks direction, followed by the appositive hi yerushalayim {הִ֖יא יְרוּשָׁלָ֑͏ִם | hīʾ yᵉrūšālayim} ‘it is Jerusalem’, which identifies ancient Jebus. The compound noun phrase tsemed khamorim khavushim {צֶמֶד חֲמוֹרִים֙ חֲבוּשִׁ֔ים | ṣᵉmeḏ ḥămorîm ḥăḇûšîm} ‘pair of saddled donkeys’ stacks noun + noun + participle, and the possessive upilagsho {וּפִילַגְשׁ֖וֹ | wə-pilagšô} ‘and his concubine’ returns to the subject’s accompaniment. English syntax reorders these elements into a clear sequence and separates appositive information into distinct clauses for readability. |