| 18. Linguistic Exegesis The verse arranges the ritual steps through a series of vav-consecutive perfect verbs (veyatsa {וְיָצָ֗א | və-yā-ṣāʾ} ‘and he shall go out’, vekipper {וְכִפֶּ֣ר | və-ki-p̄er} ‘and he shall make atonement’, velakach {וְלָקַ֞ח | vĕ-lā-qaḥ} ‘and he shall take’, venatan {וְנָתַ֛ן | vĕ-nā-than} ‘and he shall put’). The noun phrase hamizbeach asher lifnei-Yahweh {הַמִּזְבֵּ֛חַ אֲשֶׁ֥ר לִפְנֵֽי־יְהוָ֖ה | ham-miẓ-bē-aḥ ʾă-šer lip̄-nê-yə-hō-wāh} specifies the outer altar in God’s presence. The paired objects midam hapar umidam hasa’ir {מִדַּם הַפָּר וּמִדַּם הַשָּׂעִ֔יר | mid-dām hap-pār ū-mid-dām has-sā-ʿîr} reflect the dual blood offerings of the bull and the goat. Finally, the adverb saviv {סָבִיב | sā-vîv} ‘all around’ indicates the comprehensive application of the blood to the altar’s horns, preserving the Hebrew emphasis on spatial totality. |