Leviticus 19:20 — ExegesisTAB

The verse opens with the coordinate expression ve’ish {וְ֠אִישׁ | ve’ish} “and a man” followed by the conditional particle ki {כִּי | kî}, establishing a protasis. The Qal imperfect yishkav {יִשְׁכַּב | yiškav} “lies” with the direct-object marker et {אֶת־ | ʾet} governs ishshah shikvat zera‘ {אִשָּׁה שִׁכְבַת־זֶרַע | ʼiššāh šikḇat zera‘} as an idiom for sexual intercourse. The Nifal participle necheret {נֶחֱרֶפֶת | nəḥĕrəp̄eṯ} plus le’ish {לְאִישׁ | le’ish} conveys her betrothal status. The paired negations vehafdeh lo nifdatah o khupshah lo nittan-lah emphasize that she has neither been ransomed nor emancipated. The apodosis features bikoret tihyeh lo yumetu {בִּקֹּרֶת תִּהְיֶה לֹא יוּמְתּוּ | biqqōreṯ tihyēh lo yūməṯû} “a penalty must be imposed; they shall not be put to death,” with the rationale ki lo khupshah {כִּי־לֹא חֻפָּשָׁה | kî lo ḥupšāh} “because she is not free.”