| 11. Linguistic Exegesis The opening phrase ve'ish {וְאִישׁ | wə-ʾîš} 'and a man' establishes the generic subject of the case. The relative pronoun asher {אֲשֶׁר | ʾă-šer} 'who' introduces yishkav {יִשְׁכַּב | yiškav} 'lies down' together with the direct object marker et {אֶת־ | ʾet} preceding the noun phrase eshet aviv {אֵשֶׁת אָבִיו | ʾêšet ʾāḇîw} 'the wife of his father.' The construct phrase ervat aviv {עֶרְוַת אָבִיו | ʿerwâṯ ʾāḇîw} 'the nakedness of his father' specifies the illicit relation. The Piel perfect gillah {גִּלָּה | gilâh} 'he has uncovered' emphasizes deliberate action. The emphatic legal pronouncement mot-yumtu {מוֹת־יוּמְתּוּ | mōṯ-yūmṯû} combines infinitive absolute with imperfect to ensure certainty of execution. The dual noun sheneihem {שְׁנֵיהֶם | šənê-hêm} 'both of them' extends the penalty collectively, and the idiom demeihem bam {דְּמֵיהֶם בָּם | dəmê-hêm bām} 'their blood is upon them' conveys self-inflicted responsibility and communal purity. |