| 10. Linguistic Exegesis The verse begins with kai {Καὶ | Kaí} ‘and’, linking this scene to the preceding narrative. The compound name Ioudas Iskarioth {Ἰούδας Ἰσκαριὼθ | Ioú-das Is-ka-riṓth} identifies the actor, with the appositive phrase ho heis ton dodeka {ὁ εἷς τῶν δώδεκα | ho heîs tôn dṓ-de-ka} specifying him as “the one of the twelve,” highlighting the shocking nature of betrayal from within the inner circle of disciples. The aorist verb apelthen {ἀπῆλθεν | apêl-then} presents Judas’s movement to action as a single decisive event. The prepositional phrase pros tous archiereis {πρὸς τοὺς ἀρχιερεῖς | pròs toús ar-khi-e-reîs} marks the chief priests as the deliberate destination and counterpart in this transaction. The conjunction hina {ἵνα | hína} introduces a purpose clause, with the aorist subjunctive paradoi {παραδοῖ | paradoî} expressing intended but not yet completed action: Judas goes with the purpose “that he might betray.” The object auton {αὐτὸν | autón} is a third person masculine singular pronoun whose referent is Jesus (Iesous {Ἰησοῦς | Iē-soûs}) from the broader context, while the indirect object autois {αὐτοῖς | autoîs} refers back to the chief priests. The Greek structure foregrounds Judas’s identity and intention before specifying the victim and recipients, underscoring the betrayal’s initiative and premeditation, which is mirrored in translation by preserving the purpose clause and explicit mention of betrayal. |