| 20. Linguistic Exegesis The sentence opens with the anarthrous conjunctional sequence ho de eipen autois {ὁ δὲ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς | ho dè eî-pen au-toîs}, where ho functions as a grammatical subject referring back to Jesus, and de marks narrative development. The finite verb eipen introduces direct speech. Within the quotation, heis tōn dōdeka {Εἷς τῶν δώδεκα | heîs tōn dṓ-de-ka} consists of a head numeral modified by a partitive genitive article–numeral phrase, specifying that the person belongs to the group of the Twelve. The following appositional participial clause ho embaptomenos metʼ emou eis to tryblion {ὁ ἐμβαπτόμενος μετʼ ἐμοῦ εἰς τὸ τρύβλιον | ho em-bap-tó-me-nos metʼ e-moû eis tò trý-bli-on} further identifies this “one” by describing his concurrent action. The present participle embaptomenos conveys an action in progress, highlighting the immediacy of the act of dipping. The preposition meta with the genitive emou expresses close association “with Me,” while eis with the accusative to tryblion marks the goal of the motion “into the dish.” The English renderings preserve the partitive sense (“one of the Twelve”) and maintain the participial description as a relative-like identifier (“the one who is dipping / the person dipping”), which mirrors the Greek focus on recognition through a shared, symbolic meal action. |