| 5. Linguistic Exegesis The verse begins with the article–name sequence ho de Iesous {ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς | ho dé Iē-soûs}, where the postpositive conjunction de links back to the previous narrative while the article and proper name form the marked subject, giving prominence to Jesus. The adverb ouketi {οὐκέτι | ou-ké-ti} ‘no longer’ precedes the object ouden {οὐδὲν | ou-dén} ‘nothing’, producing a cumulative negation that emphasizes the total cessation of any response. The finite verb apekrithē {ἀπεκρίθη | a-pe-krí-thē} ‘answered’ is an aorist passive deponent, functioning with active meaning but portraying Jesus’ silence as a decisive, completed stance. The result construction hOste thaumazein ton Pilaton {ὥστε θαυμάζειν τὸν Πιλᾶτον | hō-ste thau-má-zein tón Pi-lâ-ton} uses hOste with a present infinitive to express the outcome of this silence: it leads to Pilate’s ongoing amazement. The infinitive thaumazein {θαυμάζειν | thau-má-zein} governs the accusative subject ton Pilaton {τὸν Πιλᾶτον | tón Pi-lâ-ton}, a common Greek pattern where the logical subject of the infinitive appears in the accusative. In translation, the result clause is rendered as a finite clause “so that Pilate was amazed” to preserve natural English while still conveying the causal-result relationship implied by hOste plus the infinitive and maintaining the emphasis on Jesus’ complete refusal to answer. |