| 22. Linguistic Exegesis The causal conjunction kee {כִּי | kî} “because” links this statement to the prior narrative of Israel’s rebellion. The phrase kol ha-anashim ha-ro'im {כָל־הָאֲנָשִׁים הָרֹאִ֤ים | kol hā-ʾănāšîm hārō'îm} combines the universal quantifier kol, the noun ha-anashim “the men,” and the participle ha-ro'im “the seeing ones,” emphasizing eyewitness status. The direct object markers et {אֶת | ʾet} and ve-et {וְאֶת | wə-ʾet} frame kevodî {כְּבֹדִי | kĕbōdî} “my glory” and ’ôtôtay {אֹתֹתַי | ʾôtôtay} “my signs” as divine revelations. The relative pronoun ’ăšer {אֲשֶׁר | ʾăšer} introduces the actions performed bᵊ-miṣrāyim {בְמִצְרַיִם | bᵊ-miṣrāyim} “in Egypt” and ū-bamidbār {וּבַמִּדְבָּר | ū-bamidbār} “in the wilderness.” The vav-consecutive imperfect wayyenassû {וַיְנַסּוּ | wayyenassû} creates narrative progression by describing how they tested ’ôtî {אֹתִי | ʾôtî} “me.” The demonstrative zeh {זֶה | zeh} “this” highlights the number ’ēser pᵊ'āmîm {עֶשֶׂר פְּעָמִ֔ים | ʿeśer pᵊ'āmîm}, and the conjunction wə-lō' {וְלֹא | wə-lō'} “and not” with šāmə'û {שָׁמְעוּ | šāmə'û} “they listened” closes with the prepositional phrase bᵊ-qōlî {בְּקוֹלִי | bᵊ-qōlî} “to my voice,” underscoring the covenantal demand for obedience. |