| 11. Linguistic Exegesis The verse opens with the verb ēdei {ᾔδει | ê-dei} ‘he knew’, a pluperfect form conveying settled prior awareness. The conjunction gar {γὰρ | gàr} provides explanatory connection to the cleansing context. The articular participle ton paradidonta auton {τὸν παραδιδόντα αὐτόν | tón pa-ra-di-dón-ta au-tón} ‘the one betraying Him’ marks the object of knowledge with present participial force. The causal phrase dia touto {διὰ τοῦτο | di-á toû-to} ‘because of this’ introduces the reason for His statement. The main verb eipen {εἶπεν | eî-pen} governs a content clause introduced by hoti {ὅτι | hó-ti}. Within the quotation, the emphatic negative ouchi {Οὐχὶ | Ouchì} precedes the universal pantes {πάντες | pán-tes}, followed by the predicate adjective katharoi {καθαροί | ka-tha-roí} and the copula este {ἐστε | é-ste}, forming ‘not all are clean’. English word order reshapes the Greek into a natural subject–verb–object sequence while preserving the causal and emphatic elements. |