| 3. Linguistic Exegesis The verse begins with the circumstantial participle eidos {εἰδὼς | ei-dṓs} ‘knowing,’ framing Jesus’ awareness of two parallel statements, each introduced by the conjunction hoti {ὅτι | hó-ti} ‘that.’ In the first clause, panta edoken auto ho pater {πάντα ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ ὁ πατήρ | pán-ta É-do-ken au-tôi ho pa-tḕr} presents the Father as subject, “all things” as direct object, and “to Him” as indirect object, with the prepositional phrase eis tas kheiras {εἰς τὰς χεῖρας | eis tas kheí-ras} ‘into the hands’ conveying entrustment of authority. The second clause links the aorist exelthen {ἐξῆλθεν | ex-Êl-then} ‘went out’ and the present hupagei {ὑπάγει | hu-PA-gei} ‘goes’ with kai {καὶ | kaí} ‘and,’ framed by apo theou {ἀπὸ θεοῦ | a-pó the-oû} ‘from God’ and pros ton theon {πρὸς τὸν θεόν | pros ton the-ÓN} ‘to God,’ indicating divine origin and destined return. The formal translation retains the participial structure and tense distinctions, while the dynamic version renders the participle as a finite verb for immediacy. |