| 6. Linguistic Exegesis The verse opens with all {ἀλλʼ | all} ‘but’, a strong contrast marker that pivots the discourse toward the disciples’ emotional reaction. Hoti {ὅτι | ho-ti} introduces a causal clause, explaining why that reaction has arisen. Tauta {ταῦτα | tau-ta} points back to the preceding discourse and functions as the object of lelaleka {λελάληκα | le-la-lē-ka} ‘I have spoken’, whose perfect form presents Jesus’ speech as complete yet still effective in the present. The main clause centers on hē lupe {ἡ λύπη | he lu-pe} as the grammatical subject and pepleroken {πεπλήρωκεν | pe-ple-ro-ken} as the perfect resultative verb, portraying sorrow as an already accomplished force that continues to occupy the disciples. The genitive hymon {ὑμῶν | hu-mon} marks possession, while ten kardian {τὴν καρδίαν | ten kar-di-an} identifies the inner locus affected. The translation preserves the causal sequence and perfective force, but varies the final English image so the sense of complete emotional occupation remains clear without repeating overfamiliar phrasing. |