| 11. Linguistic Exegesis The sentence opens with the speech verb eipen {εἶπεν | eî-pen} and the inferential oun {οὖν | oûn}, which ties Jesus’ reply directly to the violent act that has just taken place. The article and name ho Iesous {ὁ Ἰησοῦς | ho Iē-soûs} foreground the speaker, while tō Petro {τῷ Πέτρῳ | tō Pé-trō} marks Peter as the one addressed. Bale {Βάλε | Bá-le} is a sharp command that halts further violence and calls for immediate reversal. The paired object phrase tēn machairan eis tēn theken {τὴν μάχαιραν εἰς τὴν θήκην | tḗn má-khai-ran eis tḗn thḗ-kēn} moves the weapon back to its proper place, replacing aggression with restraint. The next clause centers on to poterion {τὸ ποτήριον | to po-tē-ri-on}, and the relative clause ho dedoken moi ho pater {ὃ δέδωκέν μοι ὁ πατὴρ | ho dé-dō-ken moi ho pa-tḗr} identifies that cup as something already bestowed by the Father. The perfect force of dedoken {δέδωκέν | dé-dō-ken} presents the gift as settled and still binding. The closing ou me pio auto {οὐ μὴ πίω αὐτό | ou mē pí-ō autó} uses emphatic negation; in context it does not express uncertainty but strong resolve, so the question functions rhetorically to affirm Jesus’ acceptance of the Father’s appointed cup. |