| 39. Linguistic Exegesis The verse opens with the fronted demonstrative subject touto {τοῦτο | toû-to} “this,” marked by the postpositive conjunction de {δέ | dé}, which links the statement to the preceding discourse while highlighting it as a further specification. The copular clause estin to thelēma {ἐστιν τὸ θέλημα | é-stin tò thé-lē-ma} equates “this” with “the will,” giving a definition of divine intention. The genitive participial phrase tou pempsantos me {τοῦ πέμψαντός με | toû pémp-san-tós me} functions as a subjective genitive, meaning “the will of the One who sent Me,” with the aorist participle summarizing the Father’s completed sending of the Son as the basis of this will. The hina-clause hina pan ho dedōken moi {ἵνα πᾶν ὃ δέδωκέν μοι | hína pân ho dé-dō-ken moi} expresses purpose or result: everything that the Father has already given to the Son (perfect tense dedōken {δέδωκέν | dé-dō-ken} stressing enduring effect) is the object of the ensuing actions. The negative construction mē apolesō ex autou {μὴ ἀπολέσω ἐξ αὐτοῦ | mē a-po-lé-sō ex au-toû} employs the aorist subjunctive to state a decisive resolve that not even one part of that given totality will be lost “out of” its number. The adversative alla anastēsō auto {ἀλλὰ ἀναστήσω αὐτὸ | al-là a-na-stē-sō au-tó} introduces the positive counterpart, shifting from the avoidance of loss to the active promise of resurrection, with anastēsō {ἀναστήσω | a-na-stē-sō} as a future indicative expressing assured fulfillment. The dative phrase tē eschatē hēmera {τῇ ἐσχάτῃ ἡμέρᾳ | tē es-khá-tē hē-mé-ra} specifies the temporal sphere “on the last day,” giving the promise a clear eschatological horizon. In translation, the formal rendering closely follows the Greek clause structure and retains the abstract noun “will,” whereas the dynamic rendering slightly reshapes the sentence (“This is what the One who sent Me wants”) and makes explicit the individual focus (“each one”) that is implicit in the collective neuter pan. |