| 44. Linguistic Exegesis The verse begins with the vav-consecutive Qal imperfect verb vayanach {וַיָּ֨נַח | way·yā·naḥ} ‘and He gave rest,’ indicating a completed divine action. The subject is the divine name Yahweh {יְהוָ֤ה | Yə·hō·wāh}. The beneficiary phrase lahem {לָהֶם֙ | lā·hēm} ‘to them’ identifies the recipients as Israel. The adverbial prepositional phrase misaviv {מִסָּבִיב | mi·sā·vîv} ‘from around’ emphasizes comprehensive scope. The relative clause introduced by asher-nishba {אֲשֶׁר־נִשְׁבַּע | ’ǎ·šer–niš·bā‘} ‘that He had sworn’ is governed by the prepositional phrase kekol {כְּכֹל | ke·ḵōl} ‘according to all’; the Niphal perfect verb nishba indicates a solemn oath. The clause velo-amad ish bifneihem mikol-oyvehem {וְלֹא־עָמַד אִישׁ בִּפְנֵיהֶם מִכָּל־אֹיְבֵיהֶם | wə·lō·’ā·maḏ ’îš bi·penê·hēm mi·kol·’ō·ḇē·hēm} ‘and not one man stood before them from all their enemies’ uses the Qal perfect verb amad to express absolute victory, with the prepositional phrase bifneihem {בִּפְנֵיהֶם | bi·penê·hēm} ‘before them,’ and the repetitive reference to oyvehem intensifies focus on Israel’s foes. The direct-object marker et {אֵת | ’ēt} signals the object kol-oyvehem {כָּל־אֹיְבֵיהֶם | kol·’ō·ḇē·hēm} ‘all their enemies.’ Finally, the Qal perfect verb natan {נָתַן | nā·ṭān} ‘He gave’ with the prepositional phrase beyadam {בְּיָדָם | bə·yā·ḏām} ‘into their hand’ completes the narrative of divine deliverance. |