| 8. Linguistic Exegesis The verse begins with the vav-consecutive and va’alehem {וַאֲלֵהֶ֣ם | va-ʾă-lê-hem}, introducing the addressees, followed by tomar {תֹּאמַר | tōmār} ‘you shall say’ as a legal exhortation. The emphatic duplication ish ish {אִישׁ אִישׁ | ʾîš ʾîš} conveys universal application. The coordinated phrases mi-beit yisra’el {מִבֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל | mib-bēt yiśrāʾēl} and u-min-ha-ger {וּמִן־הַגֵּר | u-min-ha-gēr} specify both native and resident populations. Two successive relative clauses, asher-yagur betokham {אֲשֶׁר־יָג֣וּר בְּתוֹכָ֑ם | ʾă-šer-yā-gūr bə-tō-kām} and asher-ya’aleh {אֲשֶׁר־יַעֲלֶ֥ה | ʾă-šer-yaʿă-lêh}, function as identifying modifiers for residence and cultic action. The final coordination olah o-zevach {עֹלָה אוֹ־זָֽבַח | ʿô-lâ ʾō-ze-vāḥ} presents alternative sacrificial types, preserving the legal distinctions. |