| 25. Linguistic Exegesis The verse begins with amen {ἀμὴν | a-mḗn} ‘truly’, a transliterated Hebrew term used to introduce a solemn and authoritative saying. The main clause is introduced by lego hymin hoti {λέγω ὑμῖν ὅτι | lé-gō hy-mîn hó-ti} ‘I say to you that’, where ὅτι marks the content of Jesus’ declaration. The string of negation ouketi ou me pio {οὐκέτι οὐ μὴ πίω | ou-ké-ti ou mē pí-ō} combines an adverb of cessation with a doubled negation plus aorist subjunctive, forming an emphatic future denial (“I will certainly no longer drink”). The prepositional phrase ek tou genematos tes ampelou {ἐκ τοῦ γενήματος τῆς ἀμπέλου | ek toû ge-nḗ-ma-tos tês am-pé-lou} is a genitive chain, literally “from the fruit of the vine,” a traditional Jewish idiom for wine; this was preserved as a phrase in the formal rendering and made explicit as “wine” in the dynamic rendering. The temporal limit is given by heos tes hemeras ekeines {ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ἐκείνης | hé-ōs tês hē-mé-ras e-keí-nēs} ‘until that day’, with heos introducing a terminus ad quem, and ekeines specifying a particular eschatological day. The subordinate clause hotan auto pino kainon {ὅταν αὐτὸ πίνω καινὸν | hó-tan au-tó pí-nō kai-nón} uses hotan with the present subjunctive to describe the time “when” He will again drink it, with kainon highlighting qualitative newness rather than mere recency. The final prepositional phrase en te basileia tou theou {ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ τοῦ θεοῦ | en tê ba-si-leí-ā toû the-oû} locates this renewed drinking “in the kingdom of God,” a dative of sphere indicating the eschatological realm of God’s rule. In English, the subjunctive constructions are rendered with future indicatives (“I will… drink”) to convey clear temporal reference, while the emphatic Greek negation is reflected by strengthening the verbal phrase (“will certainly no longer” / “will not… again”) without adding unwarranted detail. |