| 10. Linguistic Exegesis The verse begins with ekeinē {ἐκείνη | e-keí-nē} “that one,” a feminine demonstrative functioning as the explicit subject and pointing back to the woman already identified in the preceding context. The aorist participle poreutheisa {πορευθεῖσα | po-reu-theî-sa} precedes the main verb apengeilen {ἀπήγγειλεν | a-pḗn-gei-len}, forming a common participle-plus-finite-verb construction in which the participle denotes action prior to, and closely connected with, the main event; this is rendered as “went and reported” to preserve the sequence. The dative phrase tois met' autou genomenois {τοῖς μετʼ αὐτοῦ γενομένοις | toîs met' au-toû ge-no-mé-nois} combines the article, a prepositional phrase “with Him,” and a perfective aorist participle, yielding a substantival participial group meaning “those who had been with Him,” emphasizing their prior, established association with Jesus. The present participles penthousi {πενθοῦσι | pen-thoû-si} and klaiousin {κλαίουσιν | klaí-ou-sin}, also in the dative, function as participles of attendant circumstance or contemporaneous description, portraying the ongoing emotional condition of the recipients at the very time they receive the report. English expresses these circumstantial participles by a temporal clause (“as they were mourning and weeping” / “while they were feeling deep sorrow and crying”) to make the relationship between the report and their grief explicit. The Greek word order foregrounds the female witness as the acting agent and closes with the double description of grief, heightening the dramatic contrast between her message and their present emotional state. |