| 21. Linguistic Exegesis The verse begins with the temporal phrase apo tote {Ἀπὸ τότε | Apò tóte} ‘from then’, marking a shift in the narrative. The aorist middle verb erxato {ἤρξατο | ḗrxato} ‘began’ combined with the present active infinitive deiknuein {δεικνύειν | deiknýein} ‘to show’ forms an inceptive construction that highlights the initiation of instruction. The dative plural tois mathētais {τοῖς μαθηταῖς | toîs mathētaîs} ‘disciples’ identifies the recipients, and the subordinating conjunction hoti {ὅτι | hóti} ‘that’ introduces content governed by the impersonal verb dei {δεῖ | deî} ‘it is necessary’, expressing divine obligation. The coordinated infinitives apelthein {ἀπελθεῖν | apeltheîn} ‘to depart’, pathein {παθεῖν | patheîn} ‘to suffer’, apoktanthēnai {ἀποκτανθῆναι | apoktanthênai} ‘to be killed’, and egerthēnai {ἐγερθῆναι | egerthênai} ‘to be raised’ outline the series of events mandated by this necessity. The genitive plural tôn presbyterōn kai archierēōn kai grammateōn {τῶν πρεσβυτέρων καὶ ἀρχιερέων καὶ γραμματέων | tôn presbyterōn kai archierēōn kai grammateōn} denotes the Israelite leadership as the agents of suffering, while the dative temporal trítē hēmérā {τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ | tē̂ trítē hēmérā} ‘on the third day’ fixes the resurrection in a precise timeframe. In English, the infinitival series is rendered as a sequence of finite verbs to preserve both the structure and the theological weight of Jesus’ forecast. |