| 13. Linguistic Exegesis The verse opens with a temporal clause introduced by hotan de elthē ekeinos {ὅταν δὲ ἔλθῃ ἐκεῖνος | hó-tan dè él-thē e-keî-nos}, where hotan plus the aorist subjunctive marks a future event viewed as pending, and ekeinos gives emphatic, pointed reference to the coming subject. That subject is then identified in apposition by to pneuma tēs alētheias {τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς ἀληθείας | tò pneû-ma tēs a-lē-theí-as}, which defines the Spirit by relation to truth rather than by mere description of quality. The main clause hodēgēsei hymas en tē alētheia pasē {ὁδηγήσει ὑμᾶς ἐν τῇ ἀληθείᾳ πάσῃ | ho-dē-gé-sei hy-mâs en tē a-le-theí-a pá-sē} uses a future indicative to promise continuing guidance, while en with the dative places the disciples within the sphere of comprehensive truth. The explanatory clause ou gar lalēsei aph’ heautou {οὐ γὰρ λαλήσει ἀφʼ ἑαυτοῦ | ou gàr la-lé-sei aph he-au-toû} denies self-originating speech, stressing that the Spirit does not speak independently. The contrastive clause all’ hosa akousei lalēsei {ἀλλʼ ὅσα ἀκούσει λαλήσει | all’ hó-sa a-koú-sei la-lé-sei} ties speech to hearing, and the repetition of lalēsei reinforces faithful transmission rather than spontaneous invention. The final coordinate clause kai ta erchomena anangelei hymin {καὶ τὰ ἐρχόμενα ἀναγγελεῖ ὑμῖν | kaì tà er-khó-me-na a-nang-ge-leî hy-mîn} broadens the promise to future realities, with the substantival participle ta erchomena indicating what is coming and the future verb anangelei expressing disclosure to the disciples. The whole sequence moves from the Spirit’s coming, to guidance in truth, to the source of His speech, and finally to revelation of future matters, and the English renderings preserve that progression while easing the Greek word order into natural discourse. |