| 20. Linguistic Exegesis The doubled amēn {ἀμὴν | a-mḗn} ‘truly’ opens the saying as a solemn guarantee, and legō hymin hoti {λέγω ὑμῖν ὅτι | lé-gō hy-mîn hó-ti} ‘I say to you that’ introduces the rest of the verse as a direct content clause. The paired futures klausete kai thrēnēsēte {κλαύσετε καὶ θρηνήσετε | klau-sé-te kai thrē-nḗ-se-te} ‘you will weep and lament’ stack two grief actions for emphasis, while the fronted hymeis {ὑμεῖς | hy-meîs} ‘you’ sharpens the contrast with ho de kosmos {ὁ δὲ κόσμος | ho de kós-mos} ‘but the world’; the future charēsetai {χαρήσεται | kha-rḗ-se-tai} ‘will rejoice’ marks the opposite response. The second hymeis {ὑμεῖς | hy-meîs} ‘you’ is repeated before lypēthēsesthe {λυπηθήσεσθε | ly-pē-thḗ-ses-the} ‘you will be sorrowful’ to keep the disciples at the center of the clause. The closing allʼ {ἀλλʼ | allʼ} ‘but’ introduces the turning point: hē lypē hymōn eis charan genēsetai {ἡ λύπη ὑμῶν εἰς χαρὰν γενήσεται | hē lý-pē hy-môn eis kha-rán ge-nḗ-se-tai} ‘your sorrow will become joy’ uses eis + accusative to express result, and genēsetai portrays an actual change of state rather than a mere replacement of one feeling with another. |