John 18:1 — ExegesisTAB

The verse opens with Ταῦτα {Ταῦτα | Taû-ta} ‘these things’ followed by εἰπὼν {εἰπὼν | ei-pṓn} ‘having spoken,’ an adverbial participle that supplies the time frame for the main action rather than adding a new event. The narrative backbone is Ἰησοῦς ἐξῆλθεν {Ἰησοῦς | Iē-soûs, ἐξῆλθεν} ‘Jesus went out,’ with the subject placed between the participial opener and the finite verb to keep the focus on Jesus as the mover of the scene. σὺν {σὺν | syn} with τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ {τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ | toîs ma-thē-taîs au-toû} marks accompaniment, not mere proximity. πέραν {πέραν | pé-ran} with τοῦ χειμάρρου τοῦ Κεδρὼν {τοῦ χειμάρρου τοῦ Κεδρὼν | toû khei-már-rou toû Ke-drṑn} signals a crossing to the opposite side of a specific watercourse, and the repeated article narrows the reference to the named stream. ὅπου ἦν κῆπος {ὅπου ἦν κῆπος | hó-pou ēn kê-pos} introduces a location clause; the imperfect ἦν paints the garden as an existing setting already in place. εἰς ὃν εἰσῆλθεν {εἰς ὃν εἰσῆλθεν | eis hon eis-ēl-then} completes the movement toward that setting, while αὐτός {αὐτός | au-tós} placed before καὶ οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ {καὶ οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ | kai hoi ma-thē-taí au-toû} gives added stress to Jesus Himself and then brings the disciples into the action. The English renderings therefore break the Greek sequence into short clauses so the motion from speech, to departure, to crossing, to entry remains clear and readable.