John 18:32 — ExegesisTAB

The verse opens with hina {ἵνα | hína}, which introduces a purpose-result clause and ties the sentence back to the preceding arrest narrative. The clause centers on ho logos {ὁ λόγος | ho lógos} as the grammatical subject, with tou Iesou {τοῦ Ἰησοῦ | toû Iēsoû} functioning as a genitive that identifies the utterance as belonging to Jesus. The verb plerothe {πληρωθῇ | plērōthē} is an aorist passive subjunctive, the normal verbal shape after hina, presenting fulfillment as the intended outcome of the unfolding events rather than as a merely human achievement. The relative clause hon eipen {ὃν εἶπεν | hòn eîpen} specifies which saying is in view, and the participle semainon {σημαίνων | sēmaínōn} explains what Jesus was doing as He spoke: His words were already pointing ahead to the manner of death. The phrase poio thanato {ποίῳ θανάτῳ | poíō thanátō} narrows the reference from death in general to a particular mode or kind of death, using a dative construction of manner or respect. The imperfect emellen {ἤμελλεν | ḗmellen} combined with the infinitive apothneskein {ἀποθνῄσκειν | apothnḗiskein} expresses imminent future from the narrator’s viewpoint, so the clause reads as a forward-looking description of the death that was already approaching. The syntax therefore interprets the surrounding trial scene as the means by which Jesus’ prior saying reached completion.