| 18. Linguistic Exegesis The verse opens with the historical present erchetai {ἔρχεται | ér-khe-tai}, which gives the narration immediacy while still referring to a past event. The subject is then identified by Mariam hē Magdalenē {Μαριὰμ ἡ Μαγδαληνὴ | Ma-riám hē Mag-da-lē-nḗ}, where the article binds the place-name epithet closely to Mary for clear identification. The participle angelousa {ἀγγέλλουσα | ang-gél-lou-sa} functions circumstantially, showing that her arrival is inseparable from her act of announcing. The dative tois mathetais {τοῖς μαθηταῖς | toîs ma-thē-taîs} marks the recipients of her message. The conjunction hoti {ὅτι | hó-ti} introduces reported discourse, and the perfect heoraka {Ἑώρακα | He-ṓ-ra-ka} preserves the completed act of seeing with continuing testimonial force. The coordinating kai {καὶ | kaí} links a second item in the same report, so English naturally keeps the second content clause as another “that” idea or equivalent phrasing. The final clause tauta eipen autē {ταῦτα εἶπεν αὐτῇ | taû-ta eî-pen au-têi} reaches back to Jesus’ earlier speech to Mary, making her testimony twofold: she has seen the Lord, and she carries His words to the disciples. The English renderings smooth the participial Greek into fluent finite clauses while preserving the sequence of witness, report, and prior speech. |