1 And these are the generations {toldot: family line} of the sons of Noah: Shem, Ham, and Japheth; and sons were born to them after the flood {mabul: cataclysmic deluge}.
2 The sons {benei: male descendants} of Japheth {yephet: line-bearing father} were Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras.
3 And the sons of Gomer {Gomer: ancestral patriarch} were Ashkenaz, Riphath {Riphath: descendant line}, and Togarmah.
4 And the sons of Javan {Yavan: ancient maritime people} were Elishah, and Tarshish, Kittim, and Dodanim {Dodanim: seafaring descendants}.
5 From these, the coastlands {iyei: seafaring regions} of the nations were separated in their lands, each according to his language, according to their clans {mishpechotam: extended families}, in their nations.
6 And the sons of Ham {kham: ancestor of nations} were Cush, and Egypt {mitsrayim: two-region land}, and Put, and Canaan.
7 The sons of Cush {Kush: Hamite ancestor} were Seba, Havilah, Sabtah, Raamah, and Sabteka. The sons of Raamah {Raamah: tribal founder} were Sheba and Dedan.
8 And Cush fathered Nimrod {Nimrod: renowned figure}; he began to be a mighty one {gibor: heroic warrior} on the earth.
9 He was a mighty {gibbor: powerful warrior} hunter before the LORD {YHWH, Watchful Judge}; therefore it is said, “Like Nimrod, a mighty hunter before the LORD.”
10 The beginning of his kingdom was Babel {Bavel: ancient Mesopotamian city}, and Erech, and Akkad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar {Shin'ar: southern Mesopotamian region}.
11 From that land Asshur {ashur: city founder} went out and built Nineveh, Rehoboth-Ir {rechovot ir: broad-streets city}, and Calah.
12 And Resen {Resen: key Assyrian city} between Nineveh and Calah; that {hi: feminine pronoun} is the great city.
13 And Egypt {Mitsrayim: ancient nation} fathered {yalad: produced offspring} Ludites, and Anamites, and Lehabites, and Naphtuhites.
14 And the Pathrusites, and the Casluhites, from whom the Philistines came {yatsu: migrated out}, and the Caphtorites {Kaftorim: people from Caphtor}.
15 And Canaan {kenaan: ancestor of Canaanites} fathered Sidon {tsidon: firstborn descendant} his firstborn, and Heth.
16 And {ve’et: marks additional descendant} the Jebusite {ha-yevusi: early Jerusalem dwellers} and the Amorite, and the Girgashite,
17 And the Hivite {Chivvi: regional ethnic group}, and the Arkite, and the Sinite {Sini: Canaanite subdivision},
18 And the Arvadite and the Zemarite and the Hamathite; and afterward the families of the Canaanite {kenaani: lowland people} were dispersed {nafotsu: widely scattered}.
19 And the border of the Canaanite {kenaani: lowland inhabitant} extended from Sidon {mitsidon: northern landmark}, as you go toward Gerar, as far as Gaza, then as you go toward Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, and Zeboyim, as far as Lasha.
20 These are the sons of Ham {Cham: dispersed peoples}, according to their clans {mishpechotam: kinship networks} and according to their languages, in their lands and in their nations.
21 To Shem {Shem: lineage anchor} also, children were born; he was the father of all the sons of Eber, the elder brother{achi: close kinsman} of Japheth.
22 The sons of Shem {shem: patriarchal ancestor} were Elam, Asshur, Arpachshad, Lud, and Aram {aram: regional founder}.
23 The sons of Aram {aram: regional ancestor} were Uz {uts: early clan leader}, Hul, Gether, and Mash.
24 And Arpakhshad {arpakhshad: lineage bearer} fathered Shelah, and Shelah fathered Eber {eber: associated with crossing}.
25 And to Eber {ever: ancestral forefather} two sons were born: the name of the one was Peleg, because in his days the earth {haarets: populated region} was divided, and the name of his brother was Joktan.
26 And Joktan {Yoqtan: southern tribe ancestor} fathered {yalad: produced descendants} Almodad, Sheleph, Hazarmaveth, and Jerah,
27 And Hadoram {Hadoram: named descendant}, and Uzal {Uzal: related descendant}, and Diklah,
28 And {veet: list continuation} Obal, and Abimael, and Sheba {sheva: people group ancestor},
29 And Ophir {Ofir: later gold region}, and Havilah, and Jobab—these all were the sons of Joktan {Yoktan: tribal forefather}.
30 And their dwelling {moshav: settled region} was from Mesha, as you go toward Sephar, the mountain of the east {ha-qedem: eastern territory}.
31 These are the sons of Shem by their clans {mishpechotam: extended families}, by their languages, in their lands, and by their nations {goyehem: ethnic groups}.
32 These are the clans {mishpechot: kinship groups} of the sons of Noah, according to their generations, within their nations; and from these the nations {goyim: ethnic peoples} were separated on the earth after the flood.