1 And if a person {nefesh: person} sins by hearing a spoken oath {alah: solemn adjuration} and he is a witness—whether he saw the matter or came to know it—if he does not declare it, then he shall bear his iniquity.
2 Or if a person {nefesh: individual life} touches any unclean thing, the carcass of an unclean wild animal, a domestic beast, or a swarming creature, and it is hidden from him, he is unclean and guilty {ashem: bearing responsibility}.
3 Or if he touches uncleanness {tumah: ritual impurity} of a person—any uncleanness by which he becomes unclean—and it is hidden from him, and he knows and is guilty {asham: legal liability}.
4 Or if a soul {nefesh: individual life} swears to utter with the lips, to do evil or to do good, in anything that a person utters by oath, and it is hidden from him, then he knows and is guilty of one of these {ashem: legally at fault}.
5 And it shall be, when a person is guilty {yeasham: legally liable} concerning one of these matters, then he shall confess {hitvaddah: necessary admission} his sin in that matter.
6 And he shall bring his guilt offering to the LORD {YHWH, Covenant Lord} for his sin which he has sinned, a female from the flock, a lamb or a female kid of goats, for a sin offering {chatat: purification sacrifice}; and the priest shall make atonement for him from his sin.
7 But if he cannot afford a lamb, then he shall bring as his guilt offering for the sin that he has committed two turtledoves or two young pigeons to the LORD {YHWH, Covenant LORD}: one for a sin offering {chatat: purification ritual} and one for a burnt offering.
8 And he shall bring them to the priest {kohen: sanctuary minister}, and he shall offer the one for the sin offering first, and he shall wring its head from the back of its neck, but he shall not divide {yavdil: separate by cutting} it completely.
9 And he shall sprinkle from the blood of the sin offering upon the wall of the altar, and the remainder {nish’ar: leftover portion} of the blood shall be poured out at the base of the altar. It is a sin offering {chatat: purification sacrifice}.
10 And the priest {ha-kohen: appointed mediator} shall prepare the second as a burnt offering according to the ordinance, and the priest shall make atonement {kiper: covering for transgression} for him from the sin that he has committed, and it shall be forgiven him.
11 And if his hand {yad: personal means} cannot reach two turtledoves or two young pigeons, then he shall present as his offering for the sin he has committed a tenth of an ephah of fine flour {solet: sifted grain} as a sin offering. He shall not put oil upon it, nor shall he place frankincense on it, for it is a sin offering.
12 And he shall bring it to the priest, and the priest shall take a handful from it, a full measure of his handful, its memorial portion {azkaratah: remembrance offering}, and shall burn it on the altar upon the fire-offerings of the LORD {YHWH, Covenant Lord}. It is a sin offering.
13 And the priest shall make atonement {kipper: removal} for him concerning his sin committed from any one of these, and it shall be forgiven him; and the remainder shall belong to the priest just as the grain offering {minchah: sacrificial gift}.
14 And the LORD {YHWH, Divine Speaker} spoke to Moses {Mosheh: appointed leader}, saying,
15 When a person acts unfaithfully {ma‘al: breach of faith} and sins unintentionally concerning the holy things of the LORD {YHWH, Sovereign Owner}, then he must bring his guilt offering to the LORD: a ram without blemish from the flock, according to your valuation in silver shekels, by the shekel of the sanctuary, as a guilt offering.
16 He must restore what he took from the holy thing, add its fifth part to it, and give it to the priest {kohen: mediator}. The priest will make atonement for him with the ram of the guilt offering, and it will be forgiven {nislach: wiped clean} for him.
17 And if a person sins and breaks one of all the commandments of the LORD {YHWH, Law Giver} that are not to be performed, even though he did not know, he is guilty and shall bear his iniquity {avon: moral liability}.
18 And he must bring to the priest {hakohen: intercessor} a ram without blemish from the flock, according to your valuation, for a guilt offering. Then the priest will make atonement for him concerning his unintentional error {shiggah: inadvertent wrongdoing}, and it will be forgiven him.
19 It is a guilt offering {asham: cultic penalty}; he is certainly guilty before the LORD {YHWH, Covenant LORD}.